Phytophagy of Nesidiocoris tenuis triggers the response of Trichogramma achaeae to tomato plants infested by Tuta absoluta

Abstract The generalist predator Nesidiocoris tenuis , an effective biological control agent of numerous pests the tomato crops, can also trigger plant defence mechanisms (direct and indirect) due to its phytophagous behaviour. In southern Europe, is frequently released in greenhouses invasive pest Tuta absoluta sometimes combined with another biocontrol agent, egg parasitoid Trichogramma achaeae . this study, using olfactometer bioassays, we showed that modification volatile chemical profile induced by feeding activity mirid made plants more attractive T. achaeae, both absence presence eggs or larvae. This result was discussed relation difference observed among profiles organic compounds punctured N. without combination infestation. We found a few ( e.g. β -pinene myrcene) could play role foraging behaviour scenario Overall, our data support emerging idea ecological addition predatory activity, making crops resilient against attack pests, including absoluta.